Cognitive Psychology is the scientific investigation of human mental architecture—how the brain acquires, encodes, transforms, stores, retrieves, and utilizes information. Sparked by the “Cognitive Revolution” of the 1950s (led by Ulric Neisser, George Miller, Noam Chomsky, and Donald Broadbent), cognitive psychology dismantled radical behaviorism by establishing rigorous empirical methods to study internal mental representations. Core scientific domains include selective attention (Broadbent’s filter model, Treisman’s attenuation model), working memory (Baddeley & Hitch’s multicomponent model: phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, central executive), long-term memory systems (Tulving’s episodic, semantic, and procedural divisions), and judgment and decision-making (Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky’s Heuristics and Biases framework). The Cognitive Psychology Psychoeducation Module delivers 14 comprehensive video lessons exploring dual-process reasoning (System 1 vs. System 2), working memory bottlenecks, false memory reconstructive processes, metacognition, and cognitive bias mitigation.
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Kahneman & Tversky’s Dual-Process Thinking Architecture
| Thinking Mode | Computational Characteristics | Cognitive Vulnerabilities & Strengths |
|---|---|---|
| System 1 (Fast Thinking) | Automatic, unconscious, effortless, heuristic-driven, associatively rapid. | Vital for immediate survival; highly prone to availability, anchoring, and confirmation biases. |
| System 2 (Slow Thinking) | Deliberate, analytical, rule-governed, effortful, metabolically demanding. | Essential for complex mathematics, logic, and self-regulation; easily fatigued by cognitive depletion. |
Baddeley’s Multicomponent Working Memory
Alan Baddeley demonstrated that working memory is not a single store, but an active workspace coordinated by the Central Executive, directing attention between the Phonological Loop (auditory rehearsal), Visuospatial Sketchpad (mental imagery), and Episodic Buffer (integrating memory into coherent chronological episodes).
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