Anger is a primary emotional state signaling boundary violations, perceived injustice, or blocked goals; aggression represents overt verbal or physical motor behaviour intended to inflict harm or establish dominance; and impulse control deficits denote the failure to resist an urge or temptation that is harmful to oneself or others. Grounded in Raymond Novaco’s Cognitive-Behavioural Anger Framework (1975) and Leonard Berkowitz’s Neo-Associationistic Model of Aggression, anger problems involve a volatile triad: physiological hyperarousal, hostile cognitive appraisals (attributing deliberate malicious intent to ambiguous actions), and maladaptive behavioural scripts. The Anger, Aggression and Impulse Control Psychoeducation Module contains 23 structured video lessons detailing arousal titration, cognitive reappraisal, and impulse response delays.
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Hostile Attribution Bias & Cognitive Inflators
Individuals experiencing chronic clinical anger demonstrate a pronounced Hostile Attribution Bias: interpreting neutral or accidental behaviour (someone bumping into them in a hallway, an unreturned message) as calculated disrespect or intentional hostility. Internal self-talk is saturated with cognitive inflators: “They did this on purpose,” “They think they can walk all over me,” and rigid demandingness (“They must treat me with total deference”).
Novaco’s Triple-Component Anger Interventions
- Physiological Regulation: Identifying early visceral warning signs (jaw clenching, fist tightening, heat in the chest) and implementing immediate somatic de-escalation (tactical diaphragmatic breathing, temperature changes).
- Cognitive Restructuring: Shifting from hostile attribution to benign alternative explanations (“Maybe they are distracted or having a terrible day”).
- Assertive Communication vs. Aggression: Training in “I” statements, expressing needs clearly without intimidation, and utilizing strategic time-outs when arousal exceeds 70 on the SUDS scale.
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